The costs and benefits of active case management and rehabilitation for musculoskeletal disorders.

Title	The costs and benefits of active case management and rehabilitation for musculoskeletal disorders.
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Author	Hanson, M. A. Hu-Tech Associates Ltd. Burton, K. Huddersfield University. Kendall, N.A. Lancaster, R. J. and Pilkington, A. Work and Wellbeing Consultants Ltd. for HSE.
Series Code	RR
Series Number	493
Publisher	HSE BOOKS
Date of Publication	2006
Length	234 pages
Stock Code	RR493
Notes	research report. (RR493) (RR 493) WEB VERSION ONLY
Abstract	The cost of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) to employers is significant, with the most substantial cost component being lost time from work. This study sought to identify the evidence on cost-effective case management and rehabilitation principles for MSDs that could be applied by employers and healthcare providers to help those with MSDs stay in work or return to work. An extensive literature review was undertaken which focused on high quality international scientific studies. There is good evidence that case management methods are cost-effective and stronger evidence that best practice rehabilitation approaches have potential to significantly reduce long term sickness absence. The review identified that programmes using case management and rehabilitation principles can be an effective intervention, and have been widely adopted in various industrialised countries. The key components for successful programmes were identified from the literature. Consultation (questionnaire and focus groups) with UK healthcare professionals and organisations indicated that a wide range of programmes were being implemented, although the structure and scope varied. Over a third of respondents had started their programmes in the last three years. The model is generally applicable to all types of organisation in the UK, and is relevant for all types of MSDs. It describes the principles to apply in order to integrate case management and rehabilitation with the workplace. This report includes the model and details the research that led to its development. This report and the work it describes were funded by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Its contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the author alone and do not necessarily reflect HSE policy.
Keywords	Musculoskeletal disorders; MSD; Rehabilitation; Sickness absence